lunes, 9 de mayo de 2011

oceania y africa (túnes )


GEOGRAFÍA: La República de Túnez está situada en la costa mediterránea de Africa, a 1.000 kms de la ciudad española de Valencia, a 130km al sudoeste de Sicilia y 160km al sur de Cerdeña. El paisaje varía desde los acantilados de la costa a los bosques del interior, de los valles profundos de rica tierra cultivable (algunos bajo el nivel del mar) a los altos montes del interior. Al sur de Gafsa y Gabès se encuentra el desierto de Sahara. Los 1100km de litoral cuentan con inumerables pequeñas islas, destacando Jerba en el sur y Kerkenah en el este. Del noroeste hacia el sudeste el paisaje va cambiando de las colinas del litoral cubiertas de verdes pinares, ricos prados de abundante yerba, huertos, viñas y bosquecillos de aceitunas. 

IDIOMA: El idioma oficial es el árabe. En las principales ciudades uno puede entenderse en Francés e inglés. 

RELIGIÓN: La religión principal es el Islam; habiendo tambien minorias católicas y protestantes.

Tourism in Australia is a large sector of the economy In 2003/04 ,the tourism industry represented  3.9% of Australia´s GDP at a value of approximately A $32 billion to the national economy. Tourism´s share of GDP has been sligthly decreasing over resent years 1.1% of tottal exports of good and services












rusia geography


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Northern Asia (the area west of the Urals is considered part of Europe),
bordering the Arctic Ocean, between Europe and the North Pacific Ocean

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60 00 N, 100 00 E

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total: 17,098,242 sq km
country comparison to the world: 1
land: 16,377,742 sq km
water: 720,500 sq km

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approximately 1.8 times the size of the US

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total: 20,241.5 km
border countries: Azerbaijan 284 km, Belarus 959 km, China (southeast) 3,605 km,
China (south) 40 km, Estonia 290 km, Finland 1,313 km, Georgia 723 km,
Kazakhstan 6,846 km, North Korea 17.5 km, Latvia 292 km, Lithuania 
(Kaliningrad Oblast) 227 km, Mongolia 3,441 km, Norway 196 km, Poland 
(Kaliningrad Oblast) 432 km, Ukraine 1,576 km

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37,653 km

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territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation

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ranges from steppes in the south through humid continental in much of European 
Russia; subarctic in Siberia to tundra climate in the polar north; winters vary
from cool along Black Sea coast to frigid in Siberia; summers vary from warm 
in the steppes to cool along Arctic coast

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broad plain with low hills west of Urals; vast coniferous forest and tundra
in Siberia; uplands and mountains along southern border regions

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lowest point: Caspian Sea -28 m
highest point: Gora El'brus 5,633 m

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wide natural resource base including major deposits of oil, natural gas, coal,
and many strategic minerals, reserves of rare earth elements, timber
note: formidable obstacles of climate, terrain, and distance hinder exploitation 
of natural resources

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arable land: 7.17%
permanent crops: 0.11%
other: 92.72% (2005)

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46,000 sq km (2003)

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4,498 cu km (1997)

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total: 76.68 cu km/yr (19%/63%/18%)
per capita: 535 cu m/yr (2000)

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permafrost over much of Siberia is a major impediment to development;
volcanic activity in the Kuril Islands; volcanoes and earthquakes on the
Kamchatka Peninsula; spring floods and summer/autumn forest fires
throughout Siberia and parts of European Russia
volcanism: Russia experiences significant volcanic activity on the Kamchatka
Peninsula and Kuril Islands; the peninsula alone is home to some 29 historically
active volcanoes, with dozens more in the Kuril Islands; Kliuchevskoi
(elev. 4,835 m), which erupted in 2007 and 2010, is Kamchatka's most active
volcano; Avachinsky and Koryaksky volcanoes, which pose a threat to the
city of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy, have been deemed "Decade Volcanoes"
by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's
Interior, worthy of study due to their explosive history and close proximity to
human populations; other notable historically active volcanoes include Bezymianny, 
Chikurachki, Ebeko, Gorely, Grozny, Karymsky, Ketoi, Kronotsky, Ksudach,
Medvezhia, Mutnovsky, Sarychev Peak, Shiveluch, Tiatia, Tolbachik, and Zheltovsky

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air pollution from heavy industry, emissions of coal-fired electric plants,
and transportation in major cities; industrial, municipal, and agricultural 
pollution of inland waterways and seacoasts; deforestation; soil erosion;
soil contamination from improper application of agricultural chemicals; 
scattered areas of sometimes intense radioactive contamination; groundwater
contamination from toxic waste; urban solid waste management; abandoned 
stocks of obsolete pesticides

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party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85,
Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic
 Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate 
Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, 
Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine 
Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Sulfur 94

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largest country in the world in terms of area but unfavorably located in
relation to major sea lanes of the world; despite its size, much of the
country lacks proper soils and climates (either too cold or too dry)
for agriculture; Mount El'brus is Europe's tallest peak

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historia de oceania

Los primeros seres humanos en oceania fueron personas procedientes de Asia. Fernando de Magallanes descubrió las Marianas y otras islas, poco despues los portugueses explotaron la región, en 1525 descubrieron las Carolinas y el año siguiente Nueva Guinea, en 1642 los holandeses recorrieron el litoral de Australia y descubrieron Tasmania, fiji, las islas tonga y bismark y en el siglo XVIII los franceses e ingleses exploraron la region y entre 1764 y 1770 los ingleses recorrieron Taiti, Solomon, Samor y Nuevas Hébridas.

                                                                                                                    Paulina Guerra

Azul Aguilar y Daniela Perez

América del Sur tambien llamada Sudamerica o Suramerica. Está atravesada por la línea ecuatorial en su extremo norte, quedando así con la mayor parte de su territorio comprendida dentro del Hemisferio Sur. Está situada entre el océano Atlántico y el océano Pacífico. Ocupa una superficie de 17,8 millones de km², lo que representa un 42% del continente americano y un 12% de las tierras emergidas, y está habitada por el 6% de la población mundial. Desde el siglo XVI hasta principios del siglo XIX la mayor parte de América del Sur estaba dividida en colonias gobernadas, mayoritariamente, por España y Portugal, seguidas por una colonia del Reino Unido, una de Francia y otra de los Países Bajos las cuales se fueron convirtiendo en repúblicas, con la excepción de la Guayana Francesa y las Islas Malvinas e islas vecinas. El territorio de América del Sur tiene una superficie de 17.819.100 km². Sus costas tienen una longitud de 34.500 km (25.432 km las de la masa continental). La cordillera de los Andes destaca por ser la cadena montañosa más larga y joven del mundo,  pasa por Argentina, Chile, Bolivia, Perú, Ecuador, Colombia y Venezuela. América del Sur alberga una gran variedad de climas: la humedad cálida de la Selva Amazónica, el frío seco de la Patagonia, la aridez del Desierto de Atacama, los vientos de la Tierra del Fuego. El español y el portugués son los idiomas principales del subcontinente. El portugués se habla principalmente en Brasil, donde es el idioma oficial. El español es oficial en todos los países a excepción del ya mencionado Brasil y en las Guyanas. En Guyana y en las Islas Malvinas (administradas por el Reino Unido) se habla el inglés; en Surinam, el holandés y en la dependencia de Guayana Francesa, el francés.

Luis Hernandez 5°B

África es el gran productorde cacao, algodon y otros cultivos. Los minerales y el petróleo son las riquezasmas importantes de África. En mineral de cromo Africa tiene el 50% a nivel mundial. El 25% del oro del mundo es africano el hierro 6%.
Tiene 53 países, tiene muchos idiomas, su superficie es de 30.221.532 km2.
Los ríos mas importantes son: El río Nilo, Congo, Limpopo y el Niger.
Archipiegalos: Archipielago del Cabo Verde,  Archipielago de Islas Salvajes, de las Mascareñas, de Zanzibar, de las Comores, de las Seychelles. 

informacion de asia


location:
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Eastern Asia, island chain between the North Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan, east of the Korean Peninsula

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36 00 N, 138 00 E

Area:
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total: 377,915 sq km
country comparison to the world: 61
land: 364,485 sq km
water: 13,430 sq km
note: includes Bonin Islands (Ogasawara-gunto), Daito-shoto, Minami-jima, Okino-tori-shima, Ryukyu Islands (Nansei-shoto), and Volcano Islands (Kazan-retto)

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slightly smaller than California

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0 km

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29,751 km

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territorial sea: 12 nm; between 3 nm and 12 nm in the international straits - La Perouse or Soya, Tsugaru, Osumi, and Eastern and Western Channels of the Korea or Tsushima Strait
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

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varies from tropical in south to cool temperate in north

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mostly rugged and mountainous

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lowest point: Hachiro-gata -4 m
highest point: Fujiyama 3,776 m

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negligible mineral resources, fish
note: with virtually no energy natural resources, Japan is the world's largest importer of coal and liquefied natural gas, as well as the second largest importer of oil

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arable land: 11.64%
permanent crops: 0.9%
other: 87.46% (2005)

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25,920 sq km (2003)

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430 cu km (1999)

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total: 88.43 cu km/yr (20%/18%/62%)
per capita: 690 cu m/yr (2000)

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many dormant and some active volcanoes; about 1,500 seismic occurrences (mostly tremors but occasional severe earthquakes) every year; tsunamis; typhoons
volcanism: both Unzen (elev. 1,500 m) and Sakura-jima (elev. 1,117 m), which lies near the densely populated city of Kagoshima, have been deemed "Decade Volcanoes" by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to their explosive history and close proximity to human populations; other notable historically active volcanoes include Asama, Honshu Island's most active volcano, Aso, Bandai, Fuji, Iwo-Jima, Kikai, Kirishima, Komaga-take, Oshima, Suwanosejima, Tokachi, Yake-dake, and Usu

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air pollution from power plant emissions results in acid rain; acidification of lakes and reservoirs degrading water quality and threatening aquatic life; Japan is one of the largest consumers of fish and tropical timber, contributing to the depletion of these resources in Asia and elsewhere

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party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
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"La Madre Patria"

Hay una estatua llamada "La Madre Patria", mide 85m de altura, fue echa con hormigòn y metal.
La construcción del monumento comenzó en 1959 y se terminó en 1967.
En el momento de su inauguración el 15 de octubre de 1967, era la estatua más alta del mundo.
"La Madre Patria" porta el 11ª lugar como la estatua mas alta del mundo con 85m de altura.




                                                                              
                                                                                                        Maximiliano Gutièrrez Mathmann
                                                                                                                                               5ºB